思维导图在初中英语阅读中的实践体会
发布时间:
2020-07-27
内容摘要:中学英语新课标规定:“在四种技能的综合运用中,说和写是表达的技能,听和读是理解的技能”。由此可见,阅读教学在中学英语教学中占有相当重要的位置。思维导图为我们提供了一种新的科学模式, 有利于帮助我们更好的理解文章的中心思想, 理清文章的脉络, 提高阅读能力和效率. 为有效阅读和自主阅读奠定了坚实的基础.
关键词: 英语 阅读 思维导图 有效阅读 自主阅读
现状:从初中二年级开始,学生就逐渐接触到了一些不同体裁的阅读文章,通读这类文章后,学生常常是摸不着头脑. 说不出文章的核心思想也理不清文章整体脉络.达不到有效阅读.
概念:思维导图是英国学者TONY BUZAN 在1970年代初期所创建的一种将放射性思考具体化的方法。它顺应了大脑的自然思维模式,以直观形象的方法让人们的各种观点自然地在图上表达出来,使人们的思维可视化,是一种帮助思考和解决问题的有效工具。
思维导图在阅读教学中实用案例
现以人教版新目标八年级下unit2 Maybe you should learn to relax 泛读文章为例展示思维导图的应用.
Pre-reading brain-storming:
提出问题How many after-school activities do you know?利用头脑风暴,学生们会在头脑中出现很多课外活动的词汇, 这样这些词汇就是一个简单的词汇思维导图.
While-reading
在刚刚接触思维导图时,我给出学生文章的中心词,然后围绕这个中心提出问题,问题可以是yes or no questions 也可以是wh questions.就映染在眼前了.当然在学生回答问题的时候,我在黑板上画出思维导图的结构,用学生的答案完善思维导图.这就需要问题的设计环环相扣.这边泛读文章我设计的问题有以下:
Whose children are discussed at the beginning of the article?
Cathy Taylor’s children.
What kind of activities do Cathy Tayor’s children take part in?
Football, basketball, piano lesson.
How about their feelings?
Busy and tired.
Do American and British children do many after-school activities?
Yes. They do sports, listen to music and learn language.
How about their feelings?
They feel tired and they are under too much pressure.
Do parents these days push their children much harder than before?
Yes.
If the parents do it all the time, what’s the result about their children?
They may find it hard to think for themselves when they are older. They may find it difficult to plan things for themselves.
What should the parents do with their children?
They need give their children a bit more time to themselves. Child need organized activities and need time and freedom to relax.
这些问题是绘制思维导图的关键, 通过思维导图学生也可以达到复述课文的程度

当然文章的思维导图不是唯一的.它可以通过另一侧面对文章进行分析理解.本文也可以以中心词pressure 来绘制思维导图如下:

这个思维导图的绘制所用到的问题如下:
Why the writer use this title?
What do the children do after school?
What about their feelings?
Who give them too much pressure?
why?
What do you think of them?
When these children are older, what will happen?
What should the children do?
[问题答案略去]
Post-reading
阅读之后保留思维导图框架给学生提示复述课文, 这个过程让学生去掉了文章冗长的信息,利用一些关键词汇把握文章的脉络,帮助学生在头脑中形成记忆的网络.
结语:
思维导图在阅读中的运用为学生提供了一种简单有效的思考和记忆模式, 可以通过不断提问与作者进行对话,改变了学生被动阅读的状况,提高了阅读效率, 这样也符合认知和记忆的规律.但是从传统的英语学习模式中转变过来还有很长的路要走. 需要老师和学生的共同努力和长期训练, 否则, 也只是花架子而已.